D.1a Objects in the universe
D.1b Astronomical distances
D.1c Luminosity and brightness
D.2a1 Stellar spectra: Introduction
D.2a2 Stellar spectra: Composition
D.2a3 Stellar spectra: Application
D.2b The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
D.2c Cepheid variables
D.2d Stellar evolution: birth and life
D.2e Stellar evolution: death
D.3a Early models of cosmology
D.3b Hubble's Law
D.3c The big bang and the CMB
D.3d An accelerating universe
D.4a Jeans criterion and main-sequence fusion
D.4b Fusion off the main-sequence, nucleosynthesis and supernovae
D.5a Critical density and topology
D.5b Dark Matter Dark Energy